How do we realize massive MIMO?

MIMO, what is it and what are the benefits?

Simply put MIMO is a technique where a sending system sends several streams of data from many antennas and a receiving device receives all the streams on all antennas.
The data is then decoded using mathematical modelling and for most of the time pre-coding.

MIMO and massive MIMO; Only more antennas?

MIMO in 4G uses up to four antennas at this point in time. For 5G the industry intends using Massive MIMO, meaning many antennas.

Currently, field trials include 128 antennas for one cell. So using several, so far hundreds, maybe thousands, of antennas may sound like we just use more antennas. This is not completely true considering that we also have technologies like Beam Forming, antennas that can aim the signal towards the specific user without mechanically moving. Mechanical movement will definitely be too slow for these applications.

Why Massive MIMO?

In short, massive MIMO enables higher data rates and most importantly antennas can be allocated during ongoing connections on an ongoing basis.  For example, when you send a tweet you will only need one antenna whilst when watching high definition video you will need several antennas. The allocation in 4G is already doing this but can only allocate a timeslot on a sub frequency where you are currently located. with MIMO the number of antennas can be changed as well as timeslot and frequency and possibly also access schemes.

Are antennas only one shape?

The most common antenna solution is to make a flat box with antennas and have algorithms decide how many are used for each device. This technology also enables beam forming which can minimize interference while maximizing the specific users signal.

Another theoretical solution is to cover walls with thin sheets that contain antennas using similar algorithms to form beams.

For millimetre wave technologies your device may also have many antennas, giving the opportunity to have faster uplink. Imagine using a tablet above 10″ this will have space for quite a few antennas.

What is up ahead?

The ideas that are being pursued by researchers are plenty, making the road ahead very exciting for researchers and for the industry as a whole. The antenna is only one part that will be researched and improved upon, many of the efforts  are aimed at algorithms and how to implement them with signal processors.

 

Amazing things you can do with your Nook e-reader

This post was posted on http://www.dumblittleman.com/ on March 29, 2016 :

Hi there!

 

The incredible Nook e-reader;   a handy size device you can carry with you
any time, anywhere comfortably.
It was always intended to read books, but brilliant users soon turned it
into something very much more.

They used a method called “rooting” to allow multiple apps to run.
When your Nook has been modified properly the possibilities are numerous.
Consequently reading books has become only one of the many uses for this light, practical, useful and convenient gadget.

The following are some interesting things you can do with your Nook e-reader.

1)   Evernote

Do you rely on the excellent Evernote tool for organizing your day’s activities?

You will now be able to create, check, update and change  your plans, activities, arrangements and all your business using this amazing device.

2)   Facebook

You have to admit it;   you too have an addiction with Facebook.

Using your wonderful Nook you can now stay updated with your feed,
make comments, tick your likes and post your own thoughts.
You can be in touch with all your contacts at any time.

3)  Gmail

If you use Gmail as your regular provider now you can use your incredible
Nook to check your emails, reply to your chosen ones and compose all new.

4)   Browser

Your fantastic machine also has a built in browser.
You can use this to surf on your favourite websites, research and read
interesting articles.

5)  Calendar

This is another excellent feature to arrange all your appointments and
plan all your business.
Everything will be very conveniently available to you the moment you need it.

6)   Blogger

Are you using Google for your blogging.
Your Nook will handle all your writing ideas and post them for you.

Using your valuable for all the above applications I have mentioned will
open up a world of new possibilities for you.

This will prove a very  interesting and exciting experience and definitely you will not want to miss it.